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HISTORIC AUGUSTA 



A Brief Description of the Monuments and Places 
of Historical Interest in and around Augusta, Ga. 



BY 
AUGUSTUS WILFRID DELLQUEST 



PRICE 25 CENTS 



A. W. DELLQUEST BOOK COMPANY 

Augusta, Georgia 
1917 



HISTORIC AUGUSTA 




I' age 17 



Mme. Oclavia Walloti Lc Vert 
(18 10-1877) 



SEP 22 1917 



HISTORIC AUGUSTA 



A Brief Description of the Monumerils and Places 
of Historical Interest in and around Augusta, Ga. 



BY 

AUGUSTUS WILFRID DELLQUEST 



PRICE 25 CENTS 



A. W. DELLQUEST BOOK COMPANY 

Augusta, Georgia 
1917 



Copyright, igij 

By a. W. Dellquest Book Company 

Augusta, Georgia 



/ 

kl,A476195 

SEP 22 1917 



) 



PREFACE 

''HISTORIC AUGUSTA," has been 
written in response to the demand for a 
concise historical sketch of Auj^usta. Its 
])uq30se is to describe the landmarks, 
monuments, and points of interest, in 
such a way that a stranger will feel that 
Augusta is something more than a name 
— a live, up-to-date Southern city, rich in 
historical associations. 

It is the hope of the author that these 
pages will help awaken a further interest in 
the history of Augusta, and that her citizens 
may fully appreciate the significance of 
the part she has played in the history of 
our country. 

Atigustus Wilfrid Dcllqucst. 



THE city of Aupjusta, Ga., was named in honor 
of the royal Princess Augusta. It was laid 
out in 1735 by direction of General Ogle- 
Settlement thorpe. About 135 miles above the mouth of the 
Savannah River was the colonial Fort Augusta. Under 
the protection of the garrison, the rude cabins of the 
pioneers were built. Fifteen years later, after St. 
Paul's Church was erected, the town became an impor- 
tant trading post. 

Augusta was a strategic position througliout the 
American Revolution. When the war was over, and 
a free and independent nation declared, Augusta once 
more settled down to peaceful pursuits. 

For more than half a century the town enjoyed an 
Develop- increase in population and prosperity; and being so 
ment favorably located, rapidly grew into one of the largest 

and most important cities of Georgia. In 1861, upon 
the outbreak of the Civil War, Georgia joined her 
sister states and fought for the cause of the Confed- 
eracy. During the four years of the Civil War, 
Augusta, though herself unscarred by the ravages of 
war, played an important part among the cities of the 
South. After struggling through the effects of so 
desolating a war, Augusta began her period of recon- 
struction. 

Henceforth the city had many years of uninter- 
rupted peace, and experienced great industrial and 
commercial growth. Augusta is to-day the second 
largest inland cotton market in the world, and has a 
national reputation as a winter resort. 

Playing so significant a role in the history of her 
country, Augusta possesses many monuments and 
historic places which are reminders of the glorious 
events of past years. 

About ten miles from Augusta is the private burial 
Old Twigg's gr(nnid of the Twiggs family. In this historic cemetery 
Burial He buried two distinguished soldiers — General David 

Ground Emanuel Twiggs, a hero of the Mexican and Civil 

wars, and General John Twiggs, a valiant Revolution- 
ary officer. General David E. Twiggs was awarded 
a jeweled sword by Congress for his bravery in the 
war with Mexico. At the beginning of the Civil War 
he joined the Confederate Army, and fought for the 



cause of the South. A short inscription appears on 
each tombstone. 

East of Augusta, near Sand Bar Ferry, is the Old 
Old Dueling DueHng Ground. Duels were fought here during the 
Ground ante-bellum days. The place is now of interest as the 

reminder of a custom long since gone. 

Just across the Savannah River is the village of 

First R. R. Hamburg, S. C. In 1833 the first steam railroad in 

in America America was completed, and in operation between 

Hamburg and Charleston, S. C. During the Civil 

War the road was used for the transportation of troops 

and supplies. 

At the lower end of Reynolds Street, in the rear of 

Fort Corn- where old St. Paul's Episcopal Church stood, is a 

wallis monument which marks the site of the colonial Fort 

Monument Augusta, known throughout the Revolution as Fort 

Cornwallis. When the colonies were fighting for 

independence, many sharp skirmishes ensued around 

Fort Cornwallis. The monument consists of a large 

Celtic cross, made of granite. At the base lies an 

old cannon, probably the most historic relic in Augusta, 

which was part of the original armament of the fort. 

About this site the town of Augusta was settled, and 

eventually developed into the beautiful and flourishing 

city of to-day. 

In front of the monument stood historic St. Paul's 
Old St. Episcopal Church, erected in 1750; rebuilt in 1786, 

Paul's and again in 18 19. St. Paul's was the oldest edifice 

in Augusta. Around it were enacted stirring events 
of the Revolution. It was used alternately as a bar- 
racks and hospital for the British and American troops. 
At one time the interior of the church was nearly 
destroyed by the fire of an American cannon. Lieu- 
tenant-General Leonidas Polk, Bishop of Louisiana, 
and "soldier-priest of the Confederacy," is buried 
beneath a sanctuary of St. Paul's. This historic old 
landmark was destroyed when the conflagration of 
March 22, 19 16, left a large part of the city in ashes. 
Since the destruction of Old St. Paul's, a new church 
has been erected, modeled after the design of the 
original one. 

The burial ground of St. Paul's was once a blood- 
stained battlefield, but is now a peaceful city of the 



dead. The remains of many famous persons lie buried 
St. Paul's there. An interesting grave is that of Marshall For- 
Burial syth, a Revolutionary soldier. He was a member of 

Ground the Order of Cincinnati, a famous patriotic society, 

founded in the latter part of the eighteenth century. 
The insignia of the society are on his tombstone. A 
nephew of George Washington lies buried in this ceme- 
tery. Here also are the graves of Oliver Bowen and 
William Longstreet. Bowen was a commodore in 
the American Navy of the Revolution. Longstreet 
is said to have operated successfully a steamboat on 
the Savannah River prior to the latmching of the 
"Clearmont" bv Robert Fulton. 




" Old Saint Paul's" 



Near the present location of the Cotton Exchange 
Mayhan once stood the old Mayhan Tower. When Fort Corn- 

Tower wallis and St. Paul's Parish were in possession of tjie 

British, the Americans built the tower of logs, and upon 
the summit movmted a six-inch cannon. By this 
means, they were able to rake the interior of the 
enemy's garrison with a deadly fire. 



At the corner of Broad and Center streets stands a 

Old Market large stone column, once part of the Old Market. 

Site After the Civil War, the market was destroyed by a 

tornado, leaving but a single pillar to mark the site. 

In front of St. James Church, at the lower end of 

Confederate Greene Street, is a cenotaph erected to the memory of 

Cenotaph those members of the Sunday school who were slain 

in the Civil War. The shaft of the cenotaph is of 

granite. The cost of erecting the memorial was over 

$5,400. 

Directly in front of the court house, on Greene 

Signer's Street, is a tall stone obelisk in honor of George Walton, 

Monument Lyman Hall, and Button Gwinnett, the Georgia signers 

of the Declaration of Independence. It was erected 

by the State in 1848. Beneath it are interred the 

ashes of George Walton and Lyman Hall. 

Opposite the Signers' Monument is the Richmond 
Court County Court House, built in 1820. Henry Clay 

House delivered an oration there, and many prominent men 

have practiced within its walls. In 1896, the court 
house was remodeled and enlarged, thereby making 
it one of the handsomest and largest court houses in 
the State. 

The Academy of Richmond County, on the 500 
Academy of block of Telfair Street, is the oldest institution of 
Richmond learning in Georgia. It was founded in 1783, by order 
County of General Oglethorpe. When George Washington 

made his memorable visit to Augusta on May 18, 1791, 
a ball was given in his honor at the Richmond Acad- 
emy. He afterward attended a public examination 
held there. So impressed was the great chieftain by 
the excellence of the work, that he gave autographed 
books to the students as prizes. When the Civil War 
broke out, the Academy was converted into a hospital 
by the Confederate Government. Former Governor 
William H. Crawford was a member of the faculty. 
Few high schools or colleges can boast of a greater 
number of distinguished members of their alumni than 
can the Richmond Academy. The school now covers 
nearly an entire block and embraces, besides the 
original structure, a technical building and a dormi- 
tory. Plans for the erection of a new auditorium 
building have been made. 



The old Medical College, a branch of the University 
Old of Georgia, is at the corner of Washington and Telfair 

Medical streets, not more than half a block from the Academy. 

College This medical school had the distinction of Ijeing the 

oldest in Georgia. It was founded in 1828 by Dr. 
Milton Antony, an eminent ph\'sician, whose grave is 
in front of the college building. After the com]:)letion 
of the new University Hospital, the old Medical Col- 
lege and the former hospital building became a part 
of the Richmond Academy. 

A block to the west of this edifice is the First Pres- 

First byterian Church, founded in 1804. During the Civil 

Presbyterian War, it was utilized as a military hospital. For twelve 

Church years Dr. Jos. R. Wilson, father of President Woodrow 

Wilson, was pastor of the church. During that time, 

President Wilson spent a part of his boyhood days in 

Augusta. In front of the Sunday school building is 

a life-size statue of Rev. Robert Irvine, a noted divine, 

for many years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. 

Rev. Irvine lies buried in front of the church which he 

so faithfully served. 

From 1 786 T 796, Augusta was the capital of Georgia. 
Capital The state house was situated on the east side of 

Site Mcintosh Street, between Broad and Ellis. Four 

governors held office in Augusta. The State Legis- 
lature met there at irregular intervals during the period 
of the Revolution. 

One of the finest monuments in the South is the 
Confederate monument to the Confederate dead, at the middle of 
Monument Broad Street between Mcintosh and Jackson streets. 
This beautiful tribute was erected in 1878 by the 
Ladies' Memorial Association at a cost of over $17,000. 
The shaft is of Italian marble, and towers to a height 
of about eighty-five feet. On the comers of the shaft 
are the life-size statues of Generals Robert E. Lee, 
" Stonewall" Jackson, William Walker, and Thomas 
Cobb. Above the statues and upon the i)innacle is the 
figure (jf a Confederate sentinel leaning upon his 
musket and gazing ahead. Appropriate inscrii^tions 
are on each side. The monument is a model of excellent 
workmanship. It is admired by all as a fitting tribute 
to the soldiers of the Confederacy, and stands as an 
evidence of the untiring efforts of the women of the 
South. 

13 



Colonel Samuel Hammond, member of Congress, 
Hammond and a distinguished officer of the Revolution, is honored 
Monument by a small monument located on the 700 block of 

Greene Street, between Washington and Mcintosh. 

It was erected by the Daughters of the American 

Revolution. A bronze bust of Colonel Hammond 

is on the top. 

On the 800 block of Greene Street, near Jackson 
Four Poets' Street, stands the Four Poets' Monument. It was 
Monument presented to the city of Augusta in 19 13 by Anna 
Russell Cole. This monument was erected in memory 
of James R. Randall, Sydney Lanier, Father Ryan, and 
Paul Hamilton Hayne, four noted poets of Georgia. 
They will always be remembered as gifted contributors 
to American literature. A selected verse from their 
poems appears on each side of the monument. 

In the beautiful Barrett Plaza, in front of the Union 

Monument Passenger Station, is a statue of Hon. Patrick Walsh. 

to Patrick Patrick Walsh was one of Augusta's greatest citizens. 

Walsh He was United vStates Senator, Mayor of the city, and 

for many years editor of the Augusta Chronicle. 

At the east side of Barrett Plaza is the new Post Office 
Building, one of the finest in the country. 

On the 1200 block of Greene Street is a handsome 

Richard monument, erected in honor of the famous poet, 

Henry Richard Henry Wilde. His poem, " My Life is Like the 

Wilde Summer Rose," has been considered one of the most 

Monument beautiful poems of our literature. Had Wilde written 

but this one poem, it alone would be sufficient to 

perpetuate his name, and secure for him a place in 

the galaxy of immortal poets. He was noted for the 

purity of his verses, their ringing rhythm, and striking 

literary merit. The memorial is very fitting indeed, 

and stands as a reminder of the excellency of the 

literary productions of the South. A verse from "My 

Life is Like the Summer Rose," is on one side of the 

monument : 



" My life is like the summer rose 
That opens to the morning sky. 
But ere the shades of evening close 
Is scattered on the ground to die." 



There is probably no place in Augusta of greater 
Meadow historical interest than the Meadow Garden, former 

Garden home of Governor Walton. George Washington used 

the Meadow Garden for his headquarters while in 
Augusta. The Daughters of the American Revolution 
have preserved this old landmark, cared for it, and 
converted it into a museum of colonial relics. George 
Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
and Governor of Georgia, lived there for many years. 
Meadow Garden is located west of Thirteenth Street, 
near the canal, surrounded by mills and factories. 

"Although Georgia was not represented in the First 
White Continental Congress, yet her children were not less 

House alive to the teachings of liberty." The spirit of inde- 

i:)endence flourished in the vicinity of Augusta. The 
building known as the " White House," still standing 
on upper Broad Street, was the scene of a fierce 
skirmish between the colonial patriots and the British. 

In 1780 both forts at Augusta were in possession of 
the British. Colonel Elijah Clark and Major Samuel 
Taylor, with a force of about four hundred plucky 
Americans, made an attempt to drive the English 
troops from Augusta. Major Taylor surprised a party 
of Indians, who promptly retreated to the " White 
House," supported by a detachment of British troops. 

Unaware of the presence of Clark, the English offi- 
cers. Brown and Grierson, left the two forts and has- 
tened to the " White House " to capture Taylor. In 
the meanwhile Colonel Clark took possession of the 
forts. Leaving a guard at those places, Clark hurried 
to the " White House" to assist Taylor. The American 
troops began to storm this building in an attempt 
to dislodge the enemy. 

For nearly three days a steady fire was trained u])on 

Siege of the stronghold. At length the Indians assisting 

the White Colonel Brown were repulsed, and it appeared that 

House the British would be compelled to surrender due to 

lack of water. Just when a victory for Clark seemed 

imminent, a force of 500 British regulars arrived 

at the scene. The besiegers were soon forced to retreat 

to the mountains. Brown taking over twenty-five 

American prisoners. 

15 



He and the Indians then proceeded to gratify their 
Massacre desire for revenge upon the unfortunates. Captain 
of the Ashby and twelve wounded Americans were merci- 

Prisoners lessly hanged upon a stairway of the " White House," 
while Brown and the Indians looked on. Other pris- 
oners were turned over to the Indians to torture. 
"Terrible were the demoniac acts at Augusta bn that 
beautiful auttimnal day, when the white and the 
red savage contended for the meed of cruelty." 

In front of the John P. King mill, near the canal, is 

Old Powder an old brick powder chimney, once part of one of the 

Chimney largest powder plants in America. During the Civil 

War, this factory mainly supplied the Confederate 

Army with powder. A tablet has been placed in the 

side of this chimney which tells its history. 

Not far from the old chimney, near the Riverside 
Site of mills, is the site of the colonial Fort Grierson, of which 

Ft. Grierson no vestige remains. This fort, together with Fort 

Cornwallis, composed the revolutionary defense of 

the city. 

When the steamship "Titanic" was sunk, with over 

Butt a thousand men, women, and children on board, many 

Memorial of the men stepped aside in obedience to the unwritten 

Bridge law of the sea. Among these was Major Archibald W. 

Butt, military aide to President Taft, and a citizen of 

Augusta. In his honor a splendid memorial bridge has 

been built by his fellow citizens. The bridge spans 

the canal at Fifteenth Street, near Greene Street. 

In the immediate vicinity of the Butt Memorial 
Cahill Bridge is a monument erected in honor of Dennis 

Monument Cahill. Dennis Cahill was drowned in the canal while 
attempting to save the life of another. 

In North Augusta, S. C, east of Carolina Avenue, 
is a monument erected in 19 16 in memory of Thomas 
McKie Meriwether. Yotmg Meriwether was slain in 
the Hamburg riot. He died defending the principles 
of the South, during the tumultuous period of recon- 
struction. 

On the Hill, or Summerville, is the United States 
Arsenal, established in 1827, during the administration 
of President Adams. When Georgia seceded from the 
Union, the Arsenal was seized by the Confederate 

16 



Meriwether 
Monument 



U. S. 
Arsenal 



authorities. The site was chosen by the Government 
for an arsenal because of the dryness of the atmosphere, 
and the great advantaj^^e with which guns and i^owder 
can be stored. The Augusta Arsenal is the only arsenal 
south of Philadelphia and cast of San Antonio. 

A short distance from the arsenal, on Monte Sane 
Chateau Avenue, is the large mansion known as Chateau Le 

Le Vert Vert. It was the home of Mme. Octavia Walton 

Le Vert, a famous traveler and authoress. Madame 
Le Vert was granddaughter of Governor George 
Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. 
She was a woman of extraordinary abilities; a learned 
linguist and widely known throughout America and 
Europe by famous persons. Her body lies buried in 
the private cemetery at the arsenal. A modest tomb- 
stone with a short inscription marks her grave. 

To the rear of Wheless railroad station, on the road, 

McKinley running through Camp Hancock to the Hill, is a granite 

Marker marker, placed by the citizens of Richmond County, 

at the spot where President McKinley alighted from 

the train, upon his visit to Augusta. 

Among the famous persons born, or formerly residing 

Gen. Joseph in Augusta, it is a])propriate to mention General 

Wheeler Joseph Wheeler. General Wheeler was distinguished 

for his undaunted bravery and remarkable military 

career. He was born a few miles west of the city, in 

the territory now known as Aumond. 

The old Whitney Place is a short distance from 
Old Whitney Augusta. It is a monument to the industrial progress 
Place of the nation. It was there where Eli Whitney oper- 

ated the first cotton gin. By the invention of the 
cotton gin he revolutionized the chief factor in the 
ui)building of the Southern States. A memorial 
tablet in memory of Whitney has been placed within 
the walls of the Richmond County Court House. 

South of Augusta is Richmond Hill, the former home 
of William Schley. Schley was governor of Georgia 
and a noted statesman. 

The former home of Paul Hamilton Hayne, the dis- 

Copse Hill tinguished poet, is known as Copse Hill, about fourteen 

miles from the city, near Grovetown. Here he com- 

17 



posed his delightful verses, which have since made him 
famous as "Am,erica's greatest lyric poet." His son 
William Hamilton Hayne, now residing in Augusta, is 
also a poet of national reputation. 

The cemeteries of Augusta contain many historic 
Cemeteries graves. In the City Cemetery lie buried James R. 
of Augusta Randall, Richard Henry Wilde, and Paul Hamilton 
Hayne. Randall wrote the stirring poem, " Maryland, 
My Maryland." Richard Henry Wilde, poet, orator, 
statesman, and author of " My Life is Like the Summer 
Rose," is spoken of above. Paul Hamilton Hayne lies 
buried near Randall and Wilde. 

In the Summerville Cemetery, on the Hill, two 
former governors of Georgia lie buried — Charles Jenkins 
and John Milledge. The grave of Charles C. Jones, 
Jr., the learned historian, is also here. 

In the private cemetery at the United States Arsenal, 
rest the remains of Madaine Octavia Walton Le Vert 
and General William H. T. Walker. General Walker 
was a distinguished Confederate officer. He was killed 
in the Battle of Atlanta, at the head of his division. 

William Glascock, a revolutionary patriot, is buried 
on his plantation, a few miles east of Augusta. He 
was a member of the First Provincial Congress and 
one of the founders of the Richmond Academy. 

William Glascock's son, Thomas Glascock, lies buried 
at his home, known as the "Mills," some few miles 
north of Augusta. Thomas Glascock was a brigadier- 
general in the Colonial Army. 

These historic landmarks are a source of interest 
to every visitor of Augusta. But there are still other 
places which add to the charm of the city. 

Two of the large tourist hotels of Augusta are located 
Tourist on the Hill — the Bon Air Hotel and the Partridge Inn. 

Hotels These hotels are splendidly located and each winter 

attract many 'tourists, who annually choose Augusta 

as their winter home. 

The new University Hospital at Augusta is con- 
University sidered as ranking among the finest in the United 
Hospital States. The medical department of the University 

of Georgia is conducted in connection with the hospital. 



The cotton mills and factories of Augusta are mainly 
supplied with power by the Aujjjusta canal system. 
The Augusta canal is seven miles long and is owned 
by the city. 

There are many elegant churches in Augusta, embrac- 

Schools and ing nearly every denomination. The jmblic school 

Churches system of Augusta is classed among the best in the 

South. Over fifteen schools, for both white and 

colored pupils, are included in the educational system 

of Richmond County. 

In the early fall, two handsome new school buildings 
will be read}' for occui)ancy — the Houghton Grammar 
vSchool and the Tubman High School. The former 
buildings were destroyed by the conflagration of 
March 22, 19 16. 

The Augtista Chronicle, established in 1785, is the 
oldest newspaper in the South. Many prominent 
men have filled its editorial chair. 

The fame of Augusta as a health resort has increased 
yearly. Without a doubt, advantages enjoyed by few 
cities, are found in the "Tourist City of the South." 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

'Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution," by Benson J. Lossing. 
'History of Augusta," by Jones and Dutcher. 
'History of Georgia," by Charles C. Jones, Jr. 
'History of Edgefield County, South Carolina," by Chapman. 
'War Between the States," by Alexander H. Stephens. 
'Handbook of Georgia," by Derry. 
'Historical Collections of Georgia," by White. 
'Statistics of Georgia," by White. 
'History of the State of Georgia," by Avery. 
'Story of Georgia and the Georgia People," by Geo. G. vSmitli. 
'History of Georgia," by McCall. 
'Gazeteer of Georgia," by Sherwood. 
Living Writers of the South," by J. W. Davidson. 
'Standard History of Georgia and Georgians," by Lucian L. Knight. 
'Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends," by L. L. Knight. 
'Story of St. Paul's Parish," by Rev. C. C. Wilhams. 
'Cyclopedia of Georgia," edited by Candler and Evans. 
'History of Georgia," by Stevens. 



20 



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Every school child or person of a literary turn of mind 
knows the location of DELLQUEST'S NEW AND OLD 
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Broad, just around the corner in the Leonard Building. 
You will find here books that are up-to-date; books in fine 
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But first of all you will find a cordial welcome, whether 
you buy or not. The A. W. Dellquest Book Company have 
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DELLQUEST'S "•"^l^" BOOK SHOPS 

213-215 Seventh St., Leonard Building 
AUGUSTA, GA. 



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HISTORIC AUGUSTA 



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